When Schools Improve, Girls Rise

National Overview · 2021–22 to 2024–25

Better Schools, More Girls: India Crosses the Gender Parity Threshold

Four years of UDISE+ data reveal a consistent pattern: as electricity, sanitation, and water improve across government schools, girls' secondary Enrollment climbs steadily above parity.

📅 Select year to explore:

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Functional Electricity

92.3%

Govt. schools with electricity · 2024–25

↑ +6.9pp since 2021–22

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Girls' Toilet Facilities

93.3%

Govt. Schools with functional girls' toilets · 2024–25

↑ +0.7pp since 2021–22

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Drinking Water Access

99.0%

Govt. Schools with functional Drinking water Facility · 2024–25

↑ +2.9pp since 2021–22

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Gender Parity Index of GER

1.10

Gender Parity Index of GER — national average, secondary level · 2024–25

↑ Girls outnumber boys in Enrollment

Electrification gained nearly 7 percentage points from 2021–22 to 2024–25 — expanding safe, well-lit learning environments for millions of students across India.

National GPI reached 1.10 in 2024–25 — for every 100 boys enrolled at secondary level, 110 girls are now in school, a decisive shift in just four years.

27 of 36 states and UTs now report GPI ≥ 1.0, confirming that infrastructure investments are translating into gender-balanced secondary Enrollment at scale.

National Infrastructure Progress Year-on-Year — A Consistent Upward Trajectory

All four national indicators from 2021–22 through 2024–25 · Infrastructure (solid lines, left axis %) and GPI (dashed line, right axis)

Notable shift: Electricity registered the sharpest single-year gain (+4.2pp between 2021–22 and 2022–23), closely followed by a GPI uptick. Drinking water crossed the 99% threshold by 2024–25 — near-universal access achieved in four years. Each infrastructure improvement corresponds with GPI movement in the same direction.

✨ Key Highlights — India's Progress at a Glance

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Electrification surged +6.9pp nationally over four years — government schools went from 85.4% to 92.3% electricity coverage, improving learning environments nationwide.

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GPI reached 1.10 in 2024–25 — every infrastructure milestone was matched by a corresponding rise in girls' secondary Enrollment, confirming a reproducible policy connection.

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Drinking water nears universal access at 99% — a 2.9pp gain since 2021–22 demonstrates that targeted investment can achieve near-complete coverage in a single policy cycle.

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Bihar's electricity coverage jumped from 85.8% to 97.4% — one of the sharpest single-state gains nationally, accompanied by a sustained GPI above 1.10 throughout the period.

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Odisha improved electricity by 21.6 percentage points in four years — one of the biggest infrastructure catch-ups recorded, directly reflected in its GPI rising to 1.10.

State-Level Analysis · 2021–22 to 2024–25

The Catch-Up Effect: How 10 States Closed the Gap Through Infrastructure

Tracking states with the strongest GPI gains over four years — and the infrastructure improvements that accompanied each step forward.

States With the Strongest GPI Gains (2021–22 → 2024–25)

Top 10 states showing highest improvement in Gender Parity Index over the four-year period

States With the Strongest GPI Gains (2021–22 → 2024–25) — Infrastructure View

Ranked by GPI improvement · Cards show 2024–25 GPI, four-year gain, and current infrastructure coverage levels

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The Pattern Is Clear and Consistent: Across the highest-improving states, gains in electricity, sanitation, and water access consistently accompany improvements in girls' secondary Enrollment. Bihar's electricity coverage jumped from 85.8% to 97.4% alongside a sustained GPI above 1.10. Odisha improved electricity by 21.6 percentage points and now records GPI of 1.10.

✨ Key Highlights — Top 10 States by GPI Improvement

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Top 10 GPI-improving states span all zones — from Northeast (Meghalaya, Mizoram) to East (West Bengal) and UTs (Dadra & NH/D&D), showing this progress is geographically widespread.

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Multi-dimensional investment works best — states that improved electricity, sanitation, AND water together showed the strongest and most durable GPI gains over the four-year period.

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Rajasthan crossed the parity threshold — reaching GPI 1.0 for the first time in 2024–25, as all three infrastructure indicators improved together, demonstrating the power of sustained investment.

State Deep Dive · Interactive Explorer

Your State, Your Story: Tracking the Infrastructure–Enrollment Connection

Select any state to examine its four-year infrastructure and GPI journey — comparing performance against the national average across all key indicators.

🔍 Select State / UT

GPI: 1.10

Infra: 98.5%

How This State Compares to the National Average

2024–25 values · Bar length = % coverage (GPI bar scaled out of 150 for visibility)

Selected State National Average

4-Year Infrastructure & GPI Journey

How facilities and Enrollment parity evolved together (2021–22 to 2024–25) · GPI on right axis

✨ Key Highlights — State Deep Dive

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Chandigarh, Delhi & Puducherry achieved 100% electricity and water coverage — demonstrating that universal infrastructure access is entirely achievable with sustained commitment.

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Odisha's infrastructure jump was remarkable — electricity rose from 75.1% to 96.7% (+21.6pp) in four years, closely followed by GPI improving from 1.05 to 1.10.

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27 of 36 states now exceed parity (GPI ≥ 1.0) — states that compare favourably to the national average on infrastructure consistently outperform on gender Enrollment equity too.

Zone-wise Analysis · 2024–25 Values

A Nation of Six Stories: How Zones Differ on Infrastructure and Girls' Parity

Select any zone to examine its infrastructure and GPI profile — comparing zone performance against the national average across all key indicators.

Explore India's Six Geographic Zones

Select any zone to examine its four-year infrastructure and GPI journey — comparing performance against the national average across all key indicators.

All Zones — Infrastructure Coverage Comparison (2024–25)

Comparing electricity, girls' toilet, and drinking water coverage across all six zones

All Zones — Average GPI (Gender Parity Index) Comparison (2024–25)

GPI above 1.0 means girls outnumber boys in secondary Enrollment · Dashed line = parity threshold

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Zone-wise patterns reveal deep regional disparities: Northeast states lead in GPI (averaging above 1.20) driven by high female social mobility, while lagging in infrastructure (especially electrification). South and Union Territories show near-universal infrastructure coverage, with GPI near or above parity. North and West zones have made the most dramatic electrification gains in recent years. The East zone, anchored by states like Odisha and West Bengal, shows strong GPI progress tied to infrastructure catch-up. Closing the Northeast's infrastructure deficit while maintaining its GPI lead is the region's most urgent policy priority.

✨ Key Highlights — Zone-wise Analysis

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Northeast leads all zones in GPI — averaging above 1.20, driven by strong female social mobility and cultural support for girls' education, even amid infrastructure challenges.

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South & Union Territories achieved near-universal infrastructure — electricity, water, and sanitation all above 95%, setting a benchmark that other zones are actively closing in on.

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East zone's infrastructure catch-up is driving GPI gains — states like Odisha and West Bengal saw dramatic electricity improvements, now directly reflected in above-parity GPI scores.